Herniated Discs

Herniated Disc in Queens

The spine consists of a series of vertebrae, stacked from the cervical (neck) region down to the lumbar (lower back), followed by the sacrum and coccyx at the base. Between these vertebrae are intervertebral discs that act as cushions, absorbing shock from daily activities such as lifting, twisting, or walking.

A disc is made of two parts: a soft, gel-like inner core and a tougher outer ring. When the outer ring weakens or tears, the inner core may protrude, resulting in a herniated disc, also known as a slipped or prolapsed disc. This condition can cause pain and discomfort. If the herniated disc compresses nearby spinal nerves, it can lead to radiating pain, numbness, and weakness along the affected nerve.

Herniated Disc Symptoms

A herniated disc can affect any part of the spine, including the neck (cervical spine) or back (lumbar spine), with the lower back being more prone to injury. Common symptoms include:

• Unexplained muscle weakness
• Pain radiating to the arms or legs
• Worsening pain at night or during certain movements
• Numbness or pain on one side of the body
• Pain that intensifies after sitting or standing
• Discomfort after walking short distances
• Tingling, aching, or burning sensations in the affected area

Symptoms vary from person to person. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.

What Causes a Herniated Disc?

A herniated disc occurs when the outer ring of a disc weakens or tears, allowing the inner core to slip out. While age-related wear and tear is a common cause, certain movements can trigger a herniation, such as twisting or lifting objects improperly. Lifting heavy objects puts significant strain on the back, increasing the risk of disc injury. Those with physically demanding jobs or who are overweight are also at higher risk due to the extra stress placed on the spine. A sedentary lifestyle that weakens muscles can also contribute to disc problems.

Diagnosing a Herniated Disc

To diagnose a herniated disc, your doctor will begin with a physical exam, evaluating muscle strength, nerve function, and identifying pain triggers. You’ll also be asked about your medical history and the symptoms you’re experiencing. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may order imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, EMG/nerve tests, or a discogram. These tests help assess the extent of damage and guide the appropriate treatment plan.

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Potential Complications of a Herniated Disc

If left untreated, a severe herniated disc can cause permanent nerve damage. In rare cases, it can compress the cauda equina nerves in the lower back, leading to loss of bladder or bowel control. Compression of the nerves can also result in numbness in the inner thighs, back of the legs, and around the rectum.

Treatment for a Herniated Disc

Treatment for a herniated disc can range from conservative measures to surgical intervention. Initially, conservative treatments may include:

• Exercise programs: Stretching and strengthening the muscles surrounding the back to provide relief.
• Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach exercises that alleviate pain and help correct disc-related issues.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.

While rest is important, it is crucial to avoid prolonged inactivity, which can lead to stiffness and muscle weakness. Engaging in low-impact activities such as walking can help maintain mobility.

If conservative treatments fail, stronger prescription medications may be recommended, including narcotics for pain relief, nerve pain medications like duloxetine and gabapentin, or muscle relaxers for spasms.

For more targeted relief, steroid injections can reduce inflammation around irritated nerves, providing significant pain relief that may last for months.

Minimally Invasive and Surgical Options

If symptoms persist despite conservative treatments, minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic discectomy may be considered. This procedure involves removing the damaged portion of the disc through a small incision.

In more severe cases, surgical options like disc replacement or spinal fusion may be necessary to restore stability to the spine and relieve pain.

Preventing a Herniated Disc

While it may not be possible to prevent all causes of a herniated disc, certain steps can help reduce the risk:

• Use proper lifting techniques and avoid heavy lifting.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the spine.
• Stretch regularly, especially after prolonged periods of sitting.
• Engage in exercises that strengthen the back, abdomen, and leg muscles.